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1) does the antenna to ground cable/wire have any effect upon antenna performance?
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The NEC requires two ground wires, one for the mast and one for the coax shield. The ground for the mast is not likely to affect antenna performance. The ground for the coax shield can improve reception if you have an interference problem, and it can protect you from a leakage current shock because the antenna is connected to AC operated equipment.
If the antenna is outside, the coax shield should be grounded with a grounding block that is connected to the house electrical system ground with 10 gauge copper wire for electrical safety and to reject interference. For further compliance with the electrical code (NEC), the mast should also be grounded in a similar manner to drain any buildup of static charge which will tend to discourage a strike, but the system will not survive a direct strike.
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2) What size ground wire do you use for the antenna?
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10 gauge copper
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3) How is it that my RV antenna, initially found 18 channels, but has never since been able to find more than 13 channels upon subsequent searches?
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Possible answers:
1. The RV antenna isn't performing as well now
2. Atmospheric conditions were more favorable then, like tropospheric propagation
3. Objects are now in the signal path that were not previously, like trees or buildings
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4) What indicates the need of a signal booster? (poor reception on a channel?)
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A booster can often improve the reception of a weak channel, but it might be overloaded if you also have a very strong local channel. Each case requires an analysis of the channels involved.