Reception issues due to storms usually fall into two categories: 1) Lightning-induced impulse noise, usually on VHF for up to moderate or even long distances and 2) Tree-induced multipath caused by the signal getting shredded when going through moving trees.
As for the train, two very similar causes: 1) Electrical noise from the diesel-electric generators and the electrical drive motors, primarily on VHF and while the engine(s) are closest and 2) multi-path caused by signal reflections and blockages from the moving train.
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So things you would think aren't necessarily big deals do truly affect signal strength.
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Most often, it's not signal strength that's being affected, it's the
quality of the signal that gets degraded.