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combining two antennas for UHF results in at least 3dB signal loss, I think that is roughly half the strength?
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It's actually twice that, or about 6 dB, before device inefficiency and phasing losses if the antennas are aimed in different directions.
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Is there any readily available clamp solution that will allow me to tilt the DB4e or DB8e up 10 or 15 degrees?
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Have a muffler shop nearby with a bending machine? Have them bend a custom pipe with one or more angles so that you can experiment with various elevation aims.
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is this due to frequency differences that cause different amounts of reflection and or refraction of the signals?
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Among other things, yes. The different frequency signals will have slightly different path impairments which will result in significant scattering of the signals by the time the diffract and/or reflect.