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...the thicker wire should ... act as a better conductor...
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In theory, yes. In practice, lab grade meters won't see a significant difference if you substitute 10 ga. for 12 ga. If that's what you have available, use it.
Element lengths and spacing will have far greater effect on the frequencies the antenna will be 'receptive' to. A reflector will also be far more significant than the wire diameter. A reflector can help focus the sensitivity toward the front of the antenna.
If you are interested, look for material regarding wave propagation and develop you understanding of phase relationships. An understanding of how waves move across a medium like water will help you visualize how radio wave move along a conductor. Wikipedia is a great launch pad for finding material to read.