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To answer your question re. balun polarity, the signals need to combine in-phase. Reversing one balun will result in less gain.
If you look at commercial antennas, you'll notice that they usually use open wire connections between elements that are ganged together. This is efficient (less loss). However, the diameter of the wire and space between wires determines the characteristic impedance of the transmission line formed. The 'phasing lines' must be the correct impedance to be able to act as RF transformers. If you get it wrong, the RF will not be coupled efficiently.
Some folks find that antenna location makes more difference than 2 or 3 dB of antenna gain.
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If the well is dry and you don't see rain on the horizon, you'll need to dig the hole deeper. (If the antenna can't get the job done, an amp won't fix it.)
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