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Generally, the consumer is limited to visual inspection and substituting known good parts.
If a part is corroded, it's often best to replace it.
Water in the coax is solved by replacing the section of coax.
If you have thoroughly inspected the antenna, coax and transformer, are confident of their condition, the cheapest way for you or I to test a preamp for ESD damage is to substitute a known good unit. (I can't justify the expense of a spectrum analyzer with a signal generator. Even used, such equipment will start at several thousand dollars and you'll need to know how to use it and interpret it's results.)
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